Encodings of Japanese. By Alexandre Elias modified for the sci. FAQ. Contents. Introduction. Goal of this document. Japanese writing. Character set vs. Unicode Regular Expressions. Unicode is a character set that aims to define all characters and glyphs from all human languages, living and dead. Displays or modifies file extension associations ASSOC. Type. ext Specifies the file extension to associate the file type with fileType. The standalone Windows executable does not require Perl. Just download and unzip the archive then doubleclick on exiftoolk. Perl Convert Unicode File Ascii' title='Perl Convert Unicode File Ascii' />Overview of the encoding schemes. JISJIS character sets. JIS X 0. 20. 1JIS X 0. JIS X 0. 21. 2JIS X 0. NECIBM proprietary extension. JIS based Encodings. EUC JPShift JISCP9. ISO 2. 02. 2 JPUnicode. Endianness and the BOMUnicode based encodings. UTF 8. UTF 1. 6UTF 3. I have a browser which sends utf8 characters to my Python server, but when I retrieve it from the query string, the encoding that Python returns is ASCII. How can I. Frequently Asked Questions. How do I create an AUTOINCREMENT field What datatypes does SQLite support SQLite lets me insert a string into a database column of type. Punycode. Dead Unicode encodings. UTF 7. SCSUOther dead encodings. Encodings in the wild. Conversion issues. Conversion software. Microsoft Windowsiconv. Perlnkf. On the web. Web page encodings. HTML entities. In e mail. Perlop. NAME DESCRIPTION. Operator Precedence and Associativity Terms and List Operators Leftward The Arrow Operator Autoincrement and Autodecrement. Email headers. Tables. JIS Japanese Character Sets. Encoding schemes for Japanese characters. Shift JIS conversions. Web links. 1. Introduction. Goal of this document. This document introduces how Japanese text is encoded. Sound Forge 0.8. Japanese writing. Japanese has three main writing systems hiragana, katakana and kanji. Roman letters a, b, c., arabic numerals 0, 1, 2. What are the names of the Japanese non kana, non kanji symbols are also. Japanese writing. All of these different writing systems can. Here is an example. UNIX. This means The conventional EUC encoding used to handle Japanese. Unix was as follows. Each hiragana, katakana, or kanji character is square and of. Japanese was traditionally written in columns, from top to bottom. See. Can Japanese be written right to left Nowadays, Japanese is often written in rows. English. Apart from word processing. Hiragana and katakana together are known collectively as the kana. There are about fifty hiragana and fifty katakana. Each hiragana has. Unlike roman letters, their size does not vary. Hiragana. have a smooth curvy appearance, whereas katakana are blocky and. Each kana corresponds to one syllable. Here are a few kana. Hiragana    . The kanji are a complex ideographic writing system from China. See. Kanji They remain very similar to Chinese to this day. The. kanji are unified with Chinese and Korean in the Unicode character. There are thousands of kanji in common use in Japan. The. quantity of kanji makes Japanese writing difficult both to learn and. Kanji can be recognized by their complex. But a few kanji look simple, such as and. Because the kana can express all possible sounds in Japanese, it is. Japanese sentence using only one of the two kana. Thus, the earliest standard Japanese character set. JIS X 0. 20. 1, described later supported only. Character set vs. A character set is a one to one mapping between a set of distinct. For example, define a new. FOOBAR that maps the alphabet A, B, C to the digits 1. A character set is an abstract concept that. An encoding is a way characters are stored into 0s and 1s of computer. To implement FOOBAR support on a real computer, the most. In this. scheme, the string AABC would become. This is how ASCII is normally encoded. But since there are only three. FOOBAR, it seems rather wasteful in this case. Alternatively, two bits could be used for each character in the. This would allow us to cram the entire string AABC into one. The encoding has changed, but the character set remains the same. In. general, no matter how twisted and convoluted the encoding scheme. A,B,C still maps to 1,2,3. Overview of the encoding schemes. In real life, encodings tend to multiply uncontrollably as. In the English speaking world, the only two. ASCII and EBCDIC. Similarly, there. Japanese the JIS Japanese. Industrial Standard character set and Unicode. And the Japanese. Unicode is actually derived from JIS. Unicode is the new, superior standard. Japanese computers have been. JIS for decades, and Unicode has only appeared in the past few. More and more Japanese text is written in Unicode, but it is. JIS and Unicode text. As needs have evolved, both standards have undergone several revisions. This is mainly a problem with JIS, since its revision process has been. In contrast, Unicode follows a policy that each new. There are three JIS encodings Shift JIS, EUC, ISO 2. JP and. three Unicode encodings UTF 8, UTF 1. UTF 3. 2 in widespread use. In a. Shift JIS is the Microsoft encoding of JIS, standard on. Windows and Mac systems. Almost all Japanese web pages used to be. Shift JIS. EUC EUC JP is the Unix encoding of JIS. It. used to be standard on LinuxBSD systems, and is sometimes used on web. ISO 2. 02. 2 JP is the 7 bit JIS encoding, that e mails are. It is rarely used in other contexts. UTF 8 is the Unicode encoding standard in Unix and. UTF 1. 6 the Unicode encoding. Windows. UTF 3. 2 is mostly used for internal. JIS stands for Japanese Industrial Standard, in Japanese. Nihon Kgy Kikaku. JIS is a blanket term used. Unicode Japanese character sets and encodings, all. Japanese Standards. Association, Nihon Kikaku Kykai in Japanese. JIS character sets. Unlike Unicode, there is no single JIS character set. A JIS encoding. actually involves several standard character sets used in combination. JIS X 0. 20. 1 Roman characters a, b, c. Standard prefix JG. JIS X 0. 20. 8 Core character set. Standard prefix JH. JIS X 0. 21. 2 Supplemental characters. English. European characters. Standard prefix JJ. JIS X 0. 21. 3 New unified character set. Sometimes called JIS2. It has no standard prefix. The X in the names of these standards is a code for information. JIS encodings employ various methods to use these overlapping character. The above four JIS standards are the important ones, but for. JIS X 2. 00 codes. JIS X 0. 20. 1 Romankatakana JGJIS X 0. ISO 2. 02. 2 JPJIS X 0. Obsoletewithdrawn standards. JIS X 0. 20. 8 Main kanji character set JHJIS X 0. How to write JIS X 0. JIS X 0. 21. 0 How to encode numbers. JIS X 0. 21. 1 Standard ASCII control codes. JIS X 0. 21. 2 Supplemental character set JJJIS X 0. New unified JIS character set. JIS X 0. 21. 8 Definition of standard prefixes JG, JH, JJ, JK, JLJIS X 0. Unicode JK for UCS 2, JL for UCS 4. JIS X 0. 20. 1. JIS X 0. ASCII characters. JIS X 0. 20. 1 hexadecimal character codes can. JG to distinguish them from other JIS character. It was designed in the 1. The 7 bit part i. JIS X 0. 20. 1 is identical to ASCII. Thus, displaying ASCII text in a Japanese font will work almost. This problem is so pervasive that it is no longer really a problem at. Japanese people all know and expect to find yen symbols instead of. DOSWindows path separators. This part of this encoding is also known as JIS Roman. The 8 bit part is divided in this fashion. Reserved. 0xa. 1 to 0xdf inclusive Japanese style punctuation and half width katakana. Reserved. The katakana are half width, in other words tall and thin, because. See What is half width katakana JIS X 0. JIS X 0. When people say the JIS. JIS X 0. 20. 8. JIS X 0. JH to distinguish them from other JIS. It has gone through four official versions from the. Japanese Standards Association. Revision history. The standard was created, as JIS C 6. This version is also known as. Old JIS. It is now more or less dead. The standard was changed for the 1. Jy kanji list see. What are the Jy Kanji. Two kanji were added to the end. Six kanji were added to the end. The 1. 98. 3, 1. 99. They are collectively known as. New JIS, or mostly just JIS. Thus it is possible to talk about. JIS X 0. 20. 8 without mentioning the year. The kanji included in these standards are the JIS level one and two kanji. See What are JIS level one and two kanjiPerl as a command line tool. In modern Unix programming environment Perl can be used as AWK replacement even. AWK no longer has advantage due to its more compact size as on. Perl interpreter is negligible unless it is done in. Recently Perl became a standard, installed by default. Unixes including AIX, HP UX, Linux and Solaris. It is usually available. There are multiple Perl one liners that are very useful Replace a pattern pattern. Filedos. 2unix emulation using tr functionperl i. This one line strips the carriage returns out of a file, turning a DOS. Unix file. which includes only linefeeds. It is basically the equivalent to Unix. This functionality is useful on SLES 1. SLES 1. 1 as it does not include. See more information at Conversion of files from Windows to Unix formatunix. Unix to Windows format. You can convert. Unix file back to Windows format too. Delete particular line of set of lines like in grep in the file. Delete several lines from the beginning of the script of file. For. example one liner below deletes first 1. Delete the last line from the scriptperl i. Select only lines between a pattern pattern. START. END filename. Print file with line numbers perl ne print. Print balance of quotes in each line useful for finding missing. Perl and other scripts. Same thing but with open and close curvy brackets  might be helpful. Emulation of Unix cut utility in Perl. Option a. autosplit mode converts each line into array F. The pattern. for splitting a whitespace space or t and unlike cut it accommodates. Heres a simple one line. F0nHere is example on how to print first and the last fields perl lane print F0 F 1n. See below More on emulation of Unix. Perl for more information. See also. cut command. To capitalize the first letter on the line and convert the. Here are two variants, one simple. U1L2perl pe sw. uL The second one belongs to. Matz Kindahl  and simultaneously belongs to the class of Perl idioms. It is more difficult to understand so the first version is preferable. Beware. Perl authors who prefer the second variant to the first In place editing one liner in place edit of. Default availability dramatically changed role of Perl in Unix system scripting. For most administrators it is much easier to use Perl. AWL, sed or newer scripting languages like. Python and Ruby because it is closer to shell, the language they already know and many know well. Python is far less aligned with Unix then Perl. Ruby puts too. much emphasis on OO and is not available by default on any of the major platforms. That does not mean that this situation cant change but as of 2. Python is gradually replacing. Perl outside system administration becoming the primary scripting language on Linux. The main advantage of Perl over alternatives is the power of the language. Neither bash. nor AWK has built in debugger installed by default but for both debuggers are available. For sysadmins who need to administer often around a hundred. Perl favor. as each administrator has a lot of things to do to spend time instead of installing and learning. Thats why Perl is gradually displacing older Unix utilities such as cut. AWK. On modern system penarty for using perl instead of AWL is negliganble. Moreover, often you can replace quite complex set of pipe stages that use classic UNIX. Perl loop. Dont interpret me wrong. UNIX admins should use to the max, but if you can avoid unnecessary complexity. There is a project called Perl power toolsto create Perl equivalents. Unix utilities. Those re implementations are useful as they. Linux is alredy possited by dozens. Evenremebering about their existnace is not easy. Generally number of utilities on Linux clearly. I would like to repeat it again Perl is also amazingly Unix friendly language. Unix API.   For an introduction to. Perl written for system administrators see. Nikolai Bezroukov. Skeptical Introduction. Perl. The simplest way to start is to remember e option execute. Perl interpreter that the next argument is a Perl statement to be. If e is given, Perl will not look for a script filename. Make sure to use semicolons where you would in a normal program. Hello world of Perl command line Multiple ecommands may be given to simplify building. There are several more useful in line oriented options that Perl interpreter. Perl to assume the following loop around your script. You need to supply you own print statements to have output printed, Nothing. See p to have lines printed. If a file named. by an argument cannot be opened for some reason, Perl warns you about it, and. Presuppose n. This. Perl to assume the following loop around your script, which makes. It provides a split command to the F array is done. For example perl ane print popF, n is equivalent to while lt F split print popF, n. It is important to know that an alternate delimiter which can be any. Unix cut  for split may be specified. F.   F  patternspecifies the pattern to split on for a. Fimplicitly sets both aand n. The pattern may be surrounded. You cant use literal whitespace in the pattern. It does this by renaming the input file, opening the output. The extension, if supplied, is used to modify the name of. If no extension is supplied, and your system supports it, the original. When perl exits, cleanly or not, the. If the extension doesnt contain a, then it is appended to. If the extension does contain one. In Perl terms, you could think of this as backup extension sfilenameg If a file named by an argument cannot be opened for some reason, Perl. Note that the lines are. An error occurring during printing is treated as. To suppress printing use the n switch. A option p. overrides the options n. As a useful example lets look how we can combine power of Perl command line. To make a command named lower that converts all filenames in the current. ARGV rename, lc unless e lc Tips You can use Perl debugger to debug one liners. As with everything excessive zeal hurts. You. need to exercise judgment and not to miss the moment when one liner became. In this case it should. Many one liners are interesting as an art of creating powerful and elegant. Perl regular expressions that solve important task while being very compact. And creating  useful one liners is an art, in the same sense that. Donald Knuth considers programming. TAOCP and his Turing lecture. Some of them demonstrate great inventiveness and take language constructs to. See You can do much more then with Unix  cut. Perl one liners. Heres a simple one line. F0nHere is example on how to print the first and the last field in. F0 F 1n. Additional capabilities are provided by rarely used l switch. This switch enables automatic line ending processing. In. the simplest form you can understand it as removing the. End of the line. n is added by l switch so you do not need explicit print. Formally it has two. First, it automatically chomps. Second, it adds back. It sets. to the. For instance, the one liner below trims lines to 8. Note that the assignment. This sets. to newline and then sets. Among modern additions I would like to note. Kindahl  collection perl pe tr t s substr,1, 1. This piece will remove spaces at the beginning and end of a line.